Randolph Stow’s Trobriand Islands
02 March 2016
SUZANNE FALKINER | Sydney Review of Books | Extract
IN EARLY March 1959, Randolph—‘Mick’—Stow, with two dozen other young cadet patrol officers, took off from Sydney’s Mascot airport after midnight to fly up the Queensland coast to Port Moresby.
The trip, delayed by an outbreak of flu among the trainees, was a noisy and uncomfortable fourteen-hour grind in a chartered DC-4 with hour-long stops at Townsville and Cairns.
Stow, at 23, was four or five years older than most of his fellow recruits, and already a published poet and novelist: a fact of which they were almost certainly unaware.
Five weeks later it would be announced that his third novel, To the Islands, had won the second-ever Miles Franklin Award, after Patrick White’s Voss had taken out the inaugural prize the previous year.
A post-university stint as a storeman at the Forrest River Mission (later known as Umbulgurri) in the Kimberley in early 1957 had given him a taste for out-of-the-way places and, after a period studying anthropology at Sydney University, he had been encouraged by Minister for Territories Paul Hasluck, a fellow-West Australian, to apply for a job with the Department of Native Affairs in Papua and New Guinea.
In Port Moresby, during the three-week orientation course that supplemented his five weeks’ training at the Australian School of Pacific Administration, or ASOPA, at Mosman in Sydney, Mick was quickly inducted into the heavy drinking culture that took place, in strictly segregated bars, among the town’s white inhabitants.
Within a few weeks, however, the novelty had worn off.
“I am rapidly developing the most strong antagonism towards Civil Servants,” he wrote in his diary. “New Guinea should be cleared of Europeans as much as possible as soon as possible. But I haven’t ‘been thirty years in the Territory’ so I wouldn’t know.”
Embarking on a biography of Randolph Stow, an introspective author widely thought to be a recluse in his later years, had not been easy at the best of times, but writing about his time in New Guinea in 1959 was troubling on several levels: not least because during his last months there he had experienced a mental and physical breakdown that brought him close to death.
I was probably not the first researcher, too, to discover that Stow’s Department of Territories personnel file—or the portion of it that dealt with precisely this period—had gone missing from the Australian Government Archives.
When I tried to get in touch those ex-Department officers who had been in closest contact him, I was met with silence.
The events, occurring not long after the death of Mick’s father Cedric Stow, a country town solicitor, had caused great distress to his surviving family members, and still did.
Stow himself would not discuss it with his mother and sister at the time, and their fragmented conjectures had led them to believe that, as a barely-trained CPO, he had somehow been left unsupervised in a distant outpost.
This combination of circumstances was inclining me towards the conclusion that a cover-up might subsequently have been put in place to protect the reputations of those further up line.
…….
For Mick Stow, things had soon begun to look more promising. A few weeks after his arrival he learned that, instead of being posted out on patrol, he was to be attached to Charles Julius, the Department’s anthropologist.
In early May he and Julius would go to Kirwina island in the Trobriand group, to investigate the disputed paramount chieftainship of Omarakana. The authority of the Trobriand chiefs appeared to be waning as various factors underpinning their prestige—polygamy, and faith in their power of magic and beneficent sorcery—diminished with the encroachment of European ideas. If the breakdown of order continued, it was believed, lawlessness might result.
On the morning of Saturday 2 May 1959 Mick and Charles Julius left by Canadian Otter seaplane for the tiny island outpost of Samarai in the Milne Bay district, from where they would travel by boat to Kiriwina.
At Omarakana, they would study what might happen if Mitakata, the elderly paramount chief of the Trobriands, disinherited his heir, who was thought to have slept with one of his younger wives. The two men would spend some five months together before Julius returned to Moresby to make his report, while Stow reverted to his role as a CPO.
These experiences with Charles Julius in the Trobriand Islands, and later on his tour of duty with his supervising senior Patrol Officer Peter Gall, would eventually result in the novel Visitants.
Before that happened, however, in December 1959, after a spell in Taurama hospital in Port Moresby, Mick would resign and be repatriated to Australia. Subsequently Stow was circumspect about these events, publicly as well as privately, and within weeks the larger part of his Public Service file (after being inspected by the ‘the minister’, Paul Hasluck) had been moved to a restricted category.
Hints dropped by Mick about his loneliness had led his family to believe his mental crisis had been brought on by malaria. Certainly, in later life, Stow himself also thought so.
Neither Peter Gall, who was still living in Port Moresby, nor Gall’s immediate superior, Robert Blaikie, the Assistant District Officer at Losuia on Kiriwina at the time, whom I had traced to Queensland, would respond to my letters or emails.
When I tried to ring Peter Gall directly from Australia, the operator in Port Moresby told me his telephone had been disconnected. Finally, from Bob Blaikie, I had received a courteous two-sentence email thanking me for mine, and stating, “I have nothing to add that would be of any use to you.”
Blaikie, who had correctly guessed that I knew nothing, was evidently prepared to leave it that way, and my research so far amounted to little more than a distillation of gossip, hearsay and speculation.
This is a rivetting and elegantly written long-form article, and if you are interested in writing, writers or Papua New Guinea you should read the full version here. Suzanne Falkiner’s Mick: A Life of Randolph Stow has just been published by University of Western Australia Publishing
If you read Suzanne Falkiner's book from page 294 et seq you will find the facts behind Stow's return to Port Moresby and Australia. Robert (Bob) Blaikie and Peter Gall were the only kiaps who knew these facts.
Bob told me the story in confidence when he was debating with himself whether or not to pass his knowledge on to Falkiner. He wanted to hear my opinion on 'tell or not'.
He did, finally after a lengthy email correspondence with Falkiner.
Posted by: Bob Cleland | 07 March 2016 at 11:21 AM
I claimed that Stow was a great, underrated writer, and that he was inspired by seeing the alien intervention of white men into indigenous culture as akin to UFO's landing in Sydney. Here's some more evidence.
"It is 'To the Islands' – a world outside one’s knowledge and body – that Stow’s lead character and novel ushers. Like Heriot, we are challenged to look outside ourselves in thinking of others, and also in finally being at peace with our flawed selves.
This is particularly prescient in modern Australia, which tends to function in ignorance of the ongoing cultural disenfranchisement of Australia’s first peoples.
To the Islands is a deeply moving and compassionate novel whose message and wisdom is still important today, which is why it deserves to be recognised as an important work of Australian literature."
https://theconversation.com/the-case-for-randolph-stows-to-the-islands-28193
He also wrote some great poetry.
http://austlit.typepad.com/cfn/2010/06/randolph-stow-19352010.html
Posted by: Peter Kranz | 03 March 2016 at 03:47 PM
I think that Phil has put forward a very plausible explanation for both Stow's unhappiness in PNG and early repatriation to Australia.
In 1959, homosexuality was still a criminal offence and poor Stow had just joined the (generally speaking) very conservative ranks of the kiaps.
If Stow had outed himself or been outed, this could at least partially explain his time in a mental institution and subsequent repatriation.
Similarly, Hasluck would have felt uncomfortable with having recommended a gay man to become a kiap. What with his conservative colleagues have made of that?
It thus makes perfect sense to redact Stow's file to protect him, his family and the Minister from further potential embarrassment.
Of course, if Stow was not gay, this same explanation still makes perfect sense if he couldn't keep his hands off the local girls as well.
The Trobriands was famous for its rather forward young women, so any young and good looking kiap would have been a potential magnet for them.
So, despite Phil's excellent hypothesis, the mystery cannot be said to be definitively resolved.
Posted by: Chris Overland | 03 March 2016 at 07:38 AM
When I was seconded to the Security and Intelligence Branch around 1970 I rummaged through some of their files in my spare time. My memory is not good but I'm sure I came across some correspondence related to Stow. The essence of it was that the administration in the Trobriands wanted him out of there because they had discovered he was gay. I've been racking my brains ever since to try and remember who authored the letters.
There were some other gay kiaps but as long as they kept to themselves and didn't cause any problems they seemed to have been left alone. Why they might have zeroed in on Stow is curious.
Then again my menory could be playing tricks on me.
Posted by: Philip Fitzpatrick | 02 March 2016 at 09:03 PM
I think that the author is probably wrong to speculate that Stow's Personal File was redacted "to protect the reputations of those further up the line".
Also, according to Suzanne Falkiner's timeline for Stow's time in PNG, he spent the bulk of that period in the company of Anthropologist Charles Julius on Kiriwina.
While Kiriwina was and is a remote location, Stow's posting there in company of Julius could not reasonably be described as him having been left unsupervised.
Plenty of CPO's and APO's were posted to places that were at least as remote and, in many cases, rather less salubrious than the Trobriand Islands are reputed to be.
Stow's evident distaste for many of the expatriates he met, combined with the "culture shock" he would have experienced when posted to Kiriwina, would be sufficient to explain the deterioration in his mental health.
If, as supposed, he contracted malaria as well, then this would doubtless have had a further adverse impact upon his overall health. If he had the great misfortune to get cerebral malaria, then some major disruption to his mental health was entirely plausible.
I admit that this is all speculation on my part but I subscribe to the old adage that you should never suspect a conspiracy when a stuff up is a perfectly adequate explanation.
One plausible explanation for his fairly short career in PNG is simply that he was unable to cope with the challenging environment into which he was thrust, became very ill as well and it was thought best that he be repatriated to Australia.
The Minister, as his de facto sponsor, then had his Personal File redacted to spare Stow, his family and (maybe) the Minister himself from any embarrassment.
It would be good if those who actually know what happened were to correct the record and clear up the mystery.
Posted by: Chris Overland | 02 March 2016 at 05:36 PM
We have covered Stow's 'Visitants' before, inspired by the Fr Gill UFO sightings. It's not really about UFOs, but about the impact of alien white men on an indigenous culture.
Stow is a great though troubled writer, and casts light on PNG folk-beliefs in magic.
"The key to Stow’s approach is his comment that it's not whether such objects did or did not exist, which he couldn’t have any firm opinion about, ‘but why so many people want to believe that they exist.’ "
It's also worth reading Jung on UFOs, which I think was an influence on Stow.
http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/articles/analytical-psychology/125-the-symbolism-of-ufos-and-aliens
http://theozfiles.blogspot.com.au/2016/01/australia-day-special-randolph-stow.html
Posted by: Peter Kranz | 02 March 2016 at 10:43 AM