Academic explains students words of 'treason'
We're your hope, we're not primitive animals

Traditional language catastrophe faces PNG

BAKA BINA

Baka Bina
Baka Bina - "Our Tok Ples are going to die. To lose 860 plus languages,some with many dialects, is going to be catastrophic"

 

PORT MORESBY - It’s been quite a while since I tendered a story to PNG Attitude. I’ve been busy and haven’t really had time to write.

However I was able to submit an entry to the 2023 Commonwealth Short Story Prize, as I did in 2022, when I became the first author from Papua New Guinea to be shortlisted.

My friend Dennis Kikira was shortlisted this year, but he didn’t get through either. We’ll both be trying again in 2024.

You may not have seen the First Nations Writers Festival Facebook notation about me and the fact that judges to competitions do not want to read our entries in our first or second language. It is a sad reality but that is the unavoidable fact. 

Tribal groups in First Nations have their own Tok Ples [mother tongue] and, as new dominant Creole languages come into play (Tok Pisin, Polis Motu, Bislama etc), our Tok Ples are going to die.

Let me repeat that, our Tok Ples are going to die.

For PNG that is 860 languages, some with dialects. For example, my own Tokano Tok Ples has four dialects with one in which many of our words where the ‘rr’ sound are substituted for the ‘ll’ sound.

To lose 860 plus languages is going to be catastrophic. As Tok Pisin replaces Tok Ples in everyday deliberations and English dominates in schools and workplaces, Tok Ples will die a natural death by non-usage.

Our Tok Ples are going to die unless we do something.

That's why I call out to all persons with an interest in Tok Ples to pull out their mobile phones and start recording Tok Ples in whatever format it may be - story form, as stories would be told in the Tok Ples, or general daily conversation.

We unfortunately do not have enough writers who are interested to record and write down our languages.

If we can have copies of our Tok Ples captured electronically, perhaps someone in the future can find the time to sit down and write these words.

Of course our Tok Ples are not just words. They are storehouses of history and of cultural practises showing us how to do thing, like how songs are sung.

Many things of value will be lost if these languages are lost because we no longer speak them and have never recorded them.

I note that a lot of children now have copies of village songs on paper which they practice to sing at school cultural days. This is a good thing, but there should be more than that.

My attempt to get everyone to start gathering and writing our stories has been for me to write stories in the three languages that I can speak with ease. How can I write in three languages?

Easy – I write my stories in one language first. It can be either Tok Ples, Tok Pisin or English. Next I do a paragraph by paragraph translation into another language. Then I do the same for the third language.

For me, because English has rules of grammar, it is easier to first write in English. 

However, if I am taking a story from a village person, I try to write it the way the speaker told it to me.

For the 2022 Commonwealth Short Story Prize, I submitted the story ‘Plis Noken Pul Tait Wara Long Mi’ [Please Don’t Flood Me] in two versions: English and Tok Pisin.

I’m delighted that you have agreed to publish ‘Plis Noken Pul Tait Wara Long Mi’ in the way that I sent it to you - in the combined Tok Pisin-English version.

I am keeping back the Tok Ples version, which will be included along with the other two versions in my next anthology that I hope to publish towards the end of the year. 

I would like readers from Papua New Guinea and other First Nations that read PNG Attitude and Ples Singsing to copy or follow what I do to capture stories in Tok Ples. You can do it.

I gave a similarly formatted story, Kaukau Blues, to the First Nations Writers Festival and received the approval and enthusiastic feedback of the judges. I’ll also be including Kaukau Blues in my next anthology.

The bilingual short story, ‘Plis Noken Pul Tait Wara Long Mi’ (‘Please Don’t Flood Me’), will be published in PNG Attitude soon.

Comments

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Chris Overland

Across the world Indigenous languages are dying out. This trend has been evident for many decades and seems destined to continue into the indefinite future.

The five most widely spoken languages in the world are English, Mandarin, Hindi, Spanish and French. About four billion people speak one or more of these languages.

English in particular, in its various regional forms, is beginning to become dominant as the language of choice for people who need a lingua franca to communicate across linguistic boundaries.

For example, it is English that is emerging as the lingua franca of the European Union. This is ironic given that Britain has now left the EU.

The basic reason for the emergence of English as the preferred lingua franca is that it is a large, flexible and growing language that is extensively used in business and commerce across the globe.

English cheerfully adopts words from other languages and puts them to immediate use.

There is no central authority that can or is even trying to put boundaries around how English develops. It is simply expanding and evolving in an organic way to meet contemporary needs and uses.

Also, one effect of the British Empire was to spread knowledge of English far and wide across the globe, where it was initially used by the emergent colonial elites and spread from there.

In PNG, colonialism left a legacy of both English and Neo Melanesian Pidgin, the latter having now become, as Tok Pisin, a genuine creole language in its own right.

In an increasingly joined or integrated world there clearly will continue to be a process of convergence where fewer languages are spoken by progressively larger numbers of people.

This will doom Indigenous languages spoken by very few people or, sometimes, even by a lot of people. At best, these languages might be preserved by the work of organisations like the Summer Institute of Linguistics.

However sad this may be, it seems likely to be an unavoidable consequence of the evolution of a dominant global language.

Right now, this seems likely to be a version of English but, in 200 years time, what we currently call English may be regarded as an archaic tongue from the distant past, much as Medieval Old English is today.
_________

Thoughtful reflections from Chris. English seems to be moving in the direction of developing much stronger dialects. But I don't expect to be around to see where that ends up - KJ

Martin Hadlow

Readers might be interested to learn that we are currently in the UNESCO designated International Decade of Indigenous Languages.

It commenced in 2022 and has the slogan 'Indigenous Languages: Gateways to the World's Cultural Diversity'.

Your correspondent may wish to contact the PNG National Commission for UNESCO in Port Moresby to engage with activities and both promote and preserve the nation's extraordinary wealth of local languages.

In passing, prior to PNG's Independence, the (then) District shortwave radio stations of the Department of Information and Extension Services (DIES) broadcast the news daily in languages of their coverage area.

Not only did this ensure that information reached listeners in a language they understood, it also encouraged the use and preservation of those local languages.

At Radio Kerema in the Gulf, where I worked as Assistant Station Manager, in addition to Motu and simple English, we broadcast the news each day in Toaripi, Orokolo, Kerewo and Koriki. Kamea was later added.

Many other DIES stations presented information in their local languages, as our PNG Attitude moderator, Keith, can also attest.

It would be wonderful if the NBC, the successor of both the pre-Independence DIES and ABC stations, could become involved again in transmitting programs in local languages. If a language is not heard, or is not used, it can become redundant in just one lifetime.

Truly sad.... and something we should consider here in Australia, too, where First Nations languages face similar problems.

Ed Brumby

Well said, Apo..... as always...

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